AI加词

scratch

skrætʃ

核心义 AI

抓,搔;刮擦;抓痕;划掉

释义 AI

v.
  1. 1抓,搔(痒处)
    to rub your skin with your nails, especially because it itches
    Stop scratching your mosquito bites.
    别再挠蚊子包了。
  2. 2刮,擦,划破(表面)
    to damage or mark a surface by rubbing it with something sharp
    The cat scratched the sofa.
    猫抓坏了沙发。
  3. 3划掉,勾去(文字)
    to remove writing by drawing a line through it
    Scratch his name from the list.
    把他的名字从名单上划掉。
  4. 4退出(比赛等)
    to decide not to take part in a race or competition
    The horse was scratched from the race.
    那匹马退出了比赛。
n.
  1. 1抓痕,划痕
    a thin mark or cut on a surface or on your skin
    There's a scratch on the car door.
    车门上有一道划痕。
  2. 2搔,抓(动作)
    the act of rubbing your skin with your nails
    The dog gave itself a good scratch.
    那只狗好好地挠了挠自己。
  3. 3起跑线
    the starting line in a race
    The runners are at the scratch.
    赛跑选手们都在起跑线上。
adj.
  1. 1凑合的,仓促拼凑的
    made or put together quickly using whatever is available
    We had to eat a scratch meal.
    我们只好凑合吃了一顿。

例句 AI

The cat scratched me.
猫抓了我。基础
He scratched his head and thought.
他挠了挠头思考着。基础
She scratched the paint off the wall.
她把墙上的油漆刮掉了。自然
The table was covered with scratches.
桌子上满是划痕。自然
因为数据丢失,我们不得不从头开始。场景

搭配 AI

scratch one's head挠头(表示困惑或思考)
scratch the surface触及表面;仅仅开始处理
a scratch on the surface表面上的划痕
from scratch从零开始,白手起家
scratch a living勉强糊口
scratch the paint刮掉油漆

短语与习语 AI

from scratch从零开始,从头做起
scratch the surface触及皮毛;刚开始处理
up to scratch达到标准,合格
scratch one's head挠头(表示困惑)

句型 AI

scratch sth on / in sth
在某物上刻/划出…
He scratched his name on the desk.
他把名字刻在桌子上。
scratch sth off sth
把…从…上刮掉/划掉
她把贴纸从窗户上刮下来。

语域与场景 AI

中性词,口语和书面语都常用。表示“抓痒”用 scratch;表示“刮擦”时强调用尖锐物体造成痕迹。口语中 from scratch 很常见。英美用法无显著差异。

近义词辨析 AI

scrape强调用工具或硬物刮擦表面,比 scratch 更用力
claw用爪子或指甲抓,常指动物行为
rub用手或布来回擦,不强调造成损伤

反义词 AI

smooth使光滑,与留下划痕相反
polish擦亮,去除划痕或使表面光亮

易混词 AI

scratch抓,划;而 scratch 本身是单词
screech尖叫,发出刺耳声;拼写相近但意思不同

常见错误 AI

✕ scratch my itch
✓ scratch the itch
表示“挠痒”时,通常说 scratch an itch,不加 my
✕ start from the scratch
✓ start from scratch
from scratch 是固定短语,不加 the

词形变化

scratched过去式 / 过去分词
scratching现在分词
scratches复数 / 第三人称单数

词族 AI

scratchyadj.粗糙的;发痒的
scratchingn.抓挠;刮擦声

助记 AI

想象猫用爪子抓(scratch)沙发,发出“嘶啦”声,留下抓痕。

词源与构词 AI

可能来自中古英语 scratten,与古诺尔斯语 skraða 有关,意为“刮擦”。

词频与标签

当代语料词频第 4,644 位较常用
BNC 词频第 5,023 位较常用
柯林斯星级★★★★★
牛津 3000核心词
考试大纲高考四级六级考研托福雅思

词频排名越小越常用;柯林斯 5 星最常用。数据来自 ECDICT 词典,短语没有词频排名。

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